Saturday, April 25, 2015

John 10:11-18 - Good Shepherd Sunday (April 26, 2015)

Gospel:

Jesus said: “I am the good shepherd. A good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep. A hired man, who is not a shepherd and whose sheep are not his own, sees a wolf coming and leaves the sheep and runs away, and the wolf catches and scatters them. This is because he works for pay and has no concern for the sheep. I am the good shepherd, and I know mine and mine know me, just as the Father knows me and I know the Father; and I will lay down my life for the sheep. I have other sheep that do not belong to this fold. These also I must lead, and they will hear my voice, and there will be one flock, one shepherd. This is why the Father loves me, because I lay down my life in order to take it up again. No one takes it from me, but I lay it down on my own. I have power to lay it down, and power to take it up again. This command I have received from my Father.”

Gospel Trivia:

"I am the good shepherd."  Much can be said about the meaning of these five words uttered by Jesus.


From the Old Testament, God has constantly revealed himself as the shepherd of his people:

- Psalm 23 acknowledges God as the shepherd: "The Lord is my shepherd."

- Moses became a shepherd in Midian during his self-exile from Egypt.  This was his preparation for the great task of leading his flock from slavery, through the great pastoral saga of the Israelites through the desert, and reaching the promised land where the sheep can be fed and nurtured.

- the unworthy kings of Israel were referred to by the prophets as the bad shepherds, in contrast to David who "shall feed the sheep and be their shepherds" (Ezekiel 34:23).

In the New Testament, Jesus declares himself as the good shepherd:

- the word "good" in the "good shepherd" comes from the Greek word "kalos" which refers to a person who performs his job well, as in the "good doctor."

- "I am" is a self proclamation of Jesus and his declaration that he assumes the entire responsibility for the flock of God.  It is a divine promise: yesterday, today and tomorrow, Jesus will be at our side as the good shepherd.



Reference:



- Nil Guillemette, SJ, Hungry No More (Makati: St. Paul's Publications, 1989), 138-142.

Saturday, April 18, 2015

Luke 24:35-48 - Third Sunday of Easter (April 19, 2015)

 Gospel:

The two disciples recounted what had taken place on the way, and how Jesus was made known to them in the breaking of bread. 

While they were still speaking about this, he stood in their midst and said to them, “Peace be with you.” But they were startled and terrified and thought that they were seeing a ghost. Then he said to them, “Why are you troubled? And why do questions arise in your hearts? Look at my hands and my feet, that it is I myself. Touch me and see, because a ghost does not have flesh and bones as you can see I have.” And as he said this, he showed them his hands and his feet. While they were still incredulous for joy and were amazed, he asked them, “Have you anything here to eat?” They gave him a piece of baked fish; he took it and ate it in front of them. 

He said to them, “These are my words that I spoke to you while I was still with you, that everything written about me in the law of Moses and in the prophets and psalms must be fulfilled.” Then he opened their minds to understand the Scriptures. And he said to them, “Thus it is written that the Christ would suffer and rise from the dead on the third day and that repentance, for the forgiveness of sins, would be preached in his name to all the nations, beginning from Jerusalem. You are witnesses of these things.”

Gospel Trivia:

The significance of this gospel passage is reflected in the following notes:

- The encounter is between Jesus and ordinary disciples, and not with the Eleven apostles.  From the story, it appears that these disciples have given up on Jesus -- they thought he was the Messiah, but since nothing happened after his crucifixion, it now seems they should continue waiting for someone else.  They were now walking AWAY, but note that after the encounter with Jesus, they travelled BACK to Jerusalem.

- The crucifixion is such a despicable way to die.  Imagine your hoped-to-be leader and messiah being sent to die in the electric chair; death by crucifixion is a lot more ignoble than that.  Jesus relates the crucifixion with the Old Testament themes of the Suffering Servant and the rejected prophet.  Suddenly, it makes sense to them: that the messiah is not one that will liberate them militarily but a more profound redeemer of humanity.

- The storyline follows the eucharistic liturgy: Jesus explains the crucifixion in the context of Scriptures (Liturgy of the Word), and then breaks bread with them (Liturgy of the Eucharist). 

- Finally, note that after the disciples finally realized who the stranger is, Jesus vanishes from them.

The gospel passage reassures the early Christian communities (and we today) that Jesus will continue to be present, but no longer in a physical way.  One encounters him, in faith, most especially in the Eucharist: in the scriptures and in the breaking of the bread.


Other Trivia:

- The Emmaus story is found only in the gospel of Luke, and is consistent with themes that are important for this evangelist such as sharing a meal and extending hospitality to strangers.

- Where exactly is Emmaus?  See area in map marked RED.

Sources:

- Nil Guillemette, SJ, A Kingdom for All (Makati: St. Paul's Publications), pp. 394-395

- Raymond E. Brown et al (eds), The New Jerome Biblical 

Commentary (New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1990), 721.

Saturday, April 11, 2015

John 20:19-31 - Second Sunday of Easter (April 12, 2015)

Gospel:

On the evening of that first day of the week, when the doors were locked, where the disciples were, for fear of the Jews, Jesus came and stood in their midst and said to them, “Peace be with you.” When he had said this, he showed them his hands and his side. The disciples rejoiced when they saw the Lord. Jesus said to them again, “Peace be with you. As the Father has sent me, so I send you.” And when he had said this, he breathed on them and said to them, “Receive the Holy Spirit. Whose sins you forgive are forgiven them, and whose sins you retain are retained.” 

Thomas, called Didymus, one of the Twelve, was not with them when Jesus came. So the other disciples said to him, “We have seen the Lord.” But he said to them, “Unless I see the mark of the nails in his hands and put my finger into the nailmarks and put my hand into his side, I will not believe.” 

Now a week later his disciples were again inside and Thomas was with them. Jesus came, although the doors were locked, and stood in their midst and said, “Peace be with you.” Then he said to Thomas, “Put your finger here and see my hands, and bring your hand and put it into my side, and do not be unbelieving, but believe.” Thomas answered and said to him, “My Lord and my God!” Jesus said to him, “Have you come to believe because you have seen me? Blessed are those who have not seen and have believed.” 

Now Jesus did many other signs in the presence of his disciples that are not written in this book. But these are written that you may come to believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that through this belief you may have life in his name.


Gospel Trivia:

The story of the doubting Thomas is a familiar one.  The following notes may help appreciate the impact of this message to the early Christian communities:

- Among the four gospels, the one by John was the last to be written, estimated to be between 90-110 AD.  Note that the gospels were written for evangelization, and John's was written for Jewish Christians (i.e. those who converted from Judaism), as well as for those who were non-Jews (mainly, Ephesians) who converted to Christianity.  

You can imagine therefore that there were some skepticism encountered by the evangelist regarding the Resurrection of Jesus.  The gospel writer was an eyewitness to Jesus' resurrection, but his audience were not.

- Thus, John emphasizes the significance of believing without seeing by juxtaposing the following passages:

a. John 20:8 - John arrives at the tomb and sees and believes.

b. John 20:20 - Jesus shows himself to the disciples and they see and believe.

c. John 20:27 - Jesus shows himself to Thomas, and he sees and believes.

Finally, Jesus says: "Blessed are those who have NOT seen and have believed." (John 20:29)

- Thomas' belief results to his declaration: "My Lord and my God."  The word "lord" is translated from the original Hebrew word "Elohim" which is used to address Yahweh in the Old Testament.  Until then, no one in the gospel of John uses this title for Jesus.  

Of all the titles given to Jesus (Rabbi, Messiah, Prophet, King of Israel, Son of God, etc.), this is the most sublime because it uses the very language by which Israel addressed Yahweh.*

John emphasizes that our faith, yours and mine, are stronger than those of the disciples as we have come to believe through the power of the Spirit and the presence of Jesus through His Church.

Other Trivia: 

- Note that there is no mention in the gospel that Thomas ACTUALLY touched Jesus -- he only saw, and then believed.

Source:


*Nil Guillemette, SJ, Hungry No More (Manila: St. Paul's Publications, 1989), p. 265

Saturday, April 04, 2015

What Happened in the Resurrection? (Easter Sunday, April 5, 2015

There are two hypotheses on why Jesus' tomb was found empty: either Jesus' body was stolen by grave robbers (which were prevalent at that time), or by his disciples.  A trivia in today's Gospel dispels both:

"When Simon Peter arrived after him, he went into the tomb and saw the burial cloths there, and the cloth that had covered his head, not with the burial cloths but rolled up in a separate place." (John 20:6-8) 

Grave robbers would not have taken the time to unwrap the burial cloths and roll it neatly.  His disciples, on the other hand, would not have removed the cloths at all.


What happened in the Resurrection?

The Resurrection of Jesus is not just a resuscitation (as in the case of Lazarus, who eventually died), but that of transformation (Jesus lives forever).  

Resurrection refers not only to a physically risen Jesus, but to a spiritually Risen Jesus.

What can we learn from the Gospel accounts of the Resurrection?

First, our Risen Lord was no longer bound by time and space. He could walk through walls. In the account of the “doubting Thomas” in John 20:19-29, the evangelist recounts that “the doors were locked” (stated twice, in fact); and yet Jesus suddenly appeared to them.

Second, Jesus still had a body that people can touch and see, but this body has been transformed.  In the story of the two men on the way to Emmaus in Luke 24:1-53, we learn other aspects about our Risen Lord. We know that the tomb was empty and his body rose and changed (24:12). His body changed because when Jesus appeared to the two men on the road to Emmaus, he was not readily recognizable (24:32), and yet he could be seen and touched, and he ate bread and fish.  We also know that he was recognized when he started to talk about the Scriptures and when they broke bread (24:35), and that this encounter with him brought about much excitement and joy (24:33 and 41).

I’m afraid that is as much as we can know about Jesus' Resurrected presence. (The disciples did not have a video camera then, so they could not be any more helpful).  But one thing we do know, Jesus was not just resuscitated; he was transformed to a glorious presence.

The closest analogy I can think of is that of a caterpillar that is transformed to a butterfly. It dies as a caterpillar and transforms to something totally new.

The Resurrection and the Presence of Jesus in the Eucharist

During the consecration, we believe that the bread and wine changes into the “body and blood” of Christ, but NOT his physical body/blood but to his glorified, resurrected, and spiritually risen body/blood.

Implications of the Resurrection in our Daily Life


We believe that Jesus (in his glorified, Resurrected and spiritual presence) is everywhere. Jesus is present when “two or three are gathered in his name,” when we perform works of mercy, when we preach the Word of God, and most effectively, when we celebrate the Eucharist.

We become intimately united with him when we receive him in communion. Christ is in us. We know we will share in this glorified, Resurrected and spiritual presence one day.

But we need not wait until that day. We live the way we live because Jesus himself is already in us.

How Can We Prove the Resurrection?

Simply, we prove that Jesus is risen and present by making others FEEL that Jesus is risen and present.  For example, imagine yourself encountering a person in abject poverty and preaching to him that Jesus is risen.  Imagine that same person telling you, "Prove it."  You could prove, or disprove, Jesus presence by what you would do next for that person.

Sources:
- Catechism for Filipino Catholics (CFC)
- Catechism of the Catholic Church
- Patambang, Myra A., Salibay, Esteban T., Jr., and Valera, Felinore Angelica H. Sacraments, Marriage And Family Life. Manila: Navotas Press, 2001

Friday, April 03, 2015

My Personal Reflection on the Meaning of Good Friday (April 3, 2015)

(This is the author's reflection on the 7th Last Word in the St. James' Parish church in the Holy Week of 2001).


I received one of those calls in the middle of the night.  At two thirty in the morning, my mother’s voice was calm when she said: "Our house is on fire and it is almost totally burned down."  The tone of her voice at least told me that my dad and my brother were safe; it also meant that it was too late to do anything.

We arrived there half an hour later amidst the sirens of the fire trucks and the whirring sound of their water pumps.  There were still the yellow flames gutting down our parents’ home of 30 years.  If you have ever been in a fire, then you know that what you do is to just watch helplessly until the last burning coal is doused by water, and then the firemen and neighbors all go away.

Daylight arrived, and we went inside what used to be our home, but all you could see was black.

As in most major tragic episodes in one’s life, it took a few hours before things sank in.  I remember thinking: I am sure the Lord must have made a mistake, or some guardian angel was sleeping on the job.  My parents were 73 years old, and God could not possibly be asking them to start all over again and build a new home.  My parents are good people, very active in Church work, and prayerful. My wife and I also had our fair share of serving our parish.  We both left our corporate jobs a year ago to take full time study and attend to our Church apostolate, so I stood quite justified when I felt both indignant and puzzled.

Naisip ko: Ang lupit naman ng Panginoon.

In Luke's gospel, Jesus’ very last words were: “Father, into your hands, I commit my spirit.”

Specifically, Luke tells us that Jesus “called out with a loud voice” when He said those words.  So it must have sounded like this: FATHER, INTO YOUR HANDS, I COMMIT MY SPIRIT!  

This is unusual because a crucified man dies of slow exhaustion before lapsing into unconsciousness.  Thus, these were not words of resignation, like the calm at the end of a storm.   Instead, these were words of affirmation, a decision to keep the faith in the Father, despite all suffering and pain, declaring for everyone to hear: “I know I am not alone.  Father, You are with me and I decide now to stay committed to you.”

Such a decision may seem natural for Jesus who had that close relationship with the Father.  But can we ever imagine the test that this relationship went through before this conclusion?

Crucifixion is the worst way to die.  You are hanged naked, you die slowly and it is not uncommon for some victims to last for a few days just hanging there.  That is why they are scourged and beaten, out of sympathy, to weaken their resistance and spare them from a long suffering before death.  There on the cross, when his most trusted friends were nowhere to be found, Jesus must have faced the most testing of temptations: to doubt the fidelity and love of the Father, to give up and decide that He’s had enough, and that this was just too much.

My personal pains and sufferings, though nowhere near that magnitude, evoked a similar feeling.  Sometimes, the Lord just asks too much.  We see many people suffer without justifiable reasons, and we encounter victims of tragic events?

We ask “Why does God allow this to happen?”  Jurgen Moltmann says that that question is the question of an observer, not a sufferer.  Instead, the sufferer hurls the question: “Where is God?”  Nasaan Siya?  At kung nandiyan Siya, bakit nanunuod lamang Siya?

I found an answer to that question when I came across this passage from the novel titled “Night”, by Eli Wiesel, a survivor of a Nazi concentration camp.

Here is that passage, based on the author’s first hand experience:

“The SS hanged two Jewish men and a youth in front of the whole camp.  The two men died quickly, but the death throes of the youth [since he was not heavy enough] lasted for one half hour.  “Where is God?  Where is he?” someone asked behind me.  As the youth still hung in torment in the noose after a long time, I heard the man call again, “Where is God now?”  And I heard a voice within myself answer, “Where is he?  He is here, he is hanging there on the gallows…”

There lies the powerful lesson of the cross.  I believe Jesus died on a cross to tell us in no uncertain way that He knows exactly what human pain is.  He’s been there, done that.  He is not an observer, but feels for us when we are in pain and are suffering.  He does not stand apathetic nor watch from a distance, but the cross shows that He is involved with us, is near us, and empathizes with us.  He wants to let us know that wherever and whenever we suffer, there is the privileged place where He could be found.

And His very last words tell us that it is precisely through our most difficult and tragic moments, when the Father seems absent, that we should cling to His promise that we are never alone, that He is with us… silent, but keeping vigil.

And just when you are ready to say you’ve had enough, Jesus tells us to do what He did: to stay committed to the Father.

We commonly look at the Cross as the dark side of Jesus life and the Resurrection as the glorious side.  I don’t think so.  The cross is the worst of human stuff, but Jesus our God is part of it.  It tells me that our God is not a distant God but one who works and moves with me as I go through the trials, pains, and sufferings in my life.  It tells me that when I cry, Jesus cries too.

And when we are in pain, somehow Jesus feels that too: from the pain that comes from a hurtful word that wounds our ego or breaks our heart, or the pain of failure when something was almost a success, to the pain of being told that the person you loved most has cancer, or is into drugs, or wants a separation, all the way to the pain of senseless suffering when a child at the prime of her life dies in a car accident, or the pain of poverty of the family who has no hope in the world of ever being able to make ends meet, or sim-ply the pain of an old man or woman, alone, in an old age home.

What is your cross? A problem child or an absentee parent, a very broken home, a sickness, a physical handicap, a deep financial crisis, an addiction, or the pain of a lonely and broken heart.  If you are feeling that God is absent and has abandoned you in your walk with him, I invite you to remember his feet nailed on the cross.  And when you are feeling cold and desperate and lonely, I invite you to remember his arms hanging on the cross.  Know that Jesus knows exactly how you feel.  Take on the attitude of Jesus on the cross: Father, into your hands I commit my spirit.  And if we do, then we will also resurrect through our pain and suffering.